How to use the conversion tool
Select the size measurement from the top combo (length, weight, ...) Combo numeric field # select the From # select your To unit # enter a numeric value in the From field (default = 1). # displays the value of conversion in the field result. Table # The table below lists all the results together. # select with the mouse lines of a table, the cell will be updated with the value to be converted, while in the other cell lines the results show the value of the conversion from the size selected. # The result cell of the unit selected is editable (hold the left mouse button).
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How to make an equivalence
All units of a physical measure are linked via a conversion factor. On this web page for every unit you can find the conversion factor compared to the base unit (SI unit). To do a conversion (or equivalent) you must multiply the value to be converted by the conversion factor of the start unit and then divide the result by the conversion factor of the destination unit. For example, we want to know how many centimeters equals 12 yards? # convert the units in meters (which is the SI base unit for the lengths) # 1 yard = 0.9144 meters # 1 centimeters = 0.01 meters # derive the conversion factor between the yard and centimeters by dividing the factors found # 0.9144/0.01 = 91.44 # 1 yd = 91.44 cm # now we multiply the amount to be converted by the conversion factor found # 12 * 91.44 = 1097.28 # result: 12 yd equals 1097.28 cm Unit conversion tool implements this simple algorithm.
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PrefixesA prefix may be added to a unit to produce a multiple of the original unit. All multiples are integer powers of ten. For example, kilo- denotes a multiple of a thousand and milli- denotes a multiple of a thousandth; hence there are one thousand millimetres to the metre and one thousand metres to the kilometre. The prefixes are never combined: a millionth of a kilogram is a milligram not a microkilogram. Prefix | Symbol | 10n | Decimal equivalent | yotta | Y | 10e+24 | 1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 | zetta | Z | 10e+21 | 1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 | exa | E | 10e+18 | 1 000 000 000 000 000 000 | peta | P | 10e+15 | 1 000 000 000 000 000 | tera | T | 10e+12 | 1 000 000 000 000 | giga | G | 10e+9 | 1 000 000 000 | mega | M | 10e+6 | 1 000 000 | kilo | k | 10e+3 | 1 000 | hecto | h | 10e+2 | 100 | deca | da | 10e+1 | 10 | deci | d | 10e-1 | 0.1 | centi | c | 10e-2 | 0.01 | milli | m | 10e-3 | 0.001 | micro | µ | 10e-6 | 0.000 001 | nano | n | 10e-9 | 0.000 000 001 | pico | p | 10e-12 | 0.000 000 000 001 | femto | f | 10e-15 | 0.000 000 000 000 001 | atto | a | 10e-18 | 0.000 000 000 000 000 001 | zepto | z | 10e-21 | 0.000 000 000 000 000 000 001 | yocto | y | 10e-24 | 0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 001 |
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Base UnitsThe International System of Units (SI) defines seven SI base units. For a set of physical quantities of measure, or dimensions, that are used to define all other SI units, known as SI derived units. Unit | Symbol | Measure | Metre | m | Length | Kilogram | kg | Mass | Second | s | Time | Ampere | A | Electric current | Kelvin | K | Thermodynamic temperature | Candle | cd | Luminous intensity | Mole | mol | Amount of substance |
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Physical MeasurePhysical measure Physical measure | Symbol of the measure | Name of the unit SI | Symbol of the unit SI | Equivalence with the unit SI | Frequence | f | hertz | Hz | s-1 | Force | F | newton | N | kg × m × s-2 | Pressure, stress, vapor pressure | p | pascal | Pa | N × m-2 | Energy, work, heat | E, Q | joule | J | N × m | Power, radiant flux | P, W | watt | W | J × s-1 | Electric charge | q | coulomb | C | A × s | Electric potential, electromotive force, voltage | V, E | volt | V | J × C-1 | Electrical resistance | R | ohm | O | V × A-1 | Electrical conductance | G | siemens | S | A × V-1 | Electrical capacity | C | farad | F | C × V-1 | Magnetic flux density | B | tesla | T | V × s × m-2 | Magnetic flux | F(B) | weber | Wb | V × s | Inductance | L | henry | H | V × s × A-1 | Temperature | T | degree Celsius | °C | K[3] | Plane angle | f | radiant | rad | 1 | Solid angle | O | steradian | sr | 1 | Luminous flux | . | lumen | lm | cd × sr | Illuminance | | lux | lx | cd × sr × m-2 | Refraction | D | diopter | D | m-1 | Activity of a radionuclide | A | becquerel | Bq | s-1 | Absorbed dose | D | gray | Gy | J × kg-1 | Dose equivalent | H | sievert | Sv | J × kg-1 | Effective dose | E | sievert | Sv | J × kg-1 | Catalytic activity | | katal | kat | mol × s-1 |
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Other MeasurePhysical measure Physical measure | Symbol of the measure | Name of the unit SI | Symbol of the unit SI | Equivalence with the unit SI | area | A | square meter | m² | m2 | volume | V | cubic meter | m³ | m3 | velocity, speed | v | metre per second | m/s | m × s-1 | angular velocity | | | | s-1 ; rad × s-1 | acceleration | a | | | m × s-2 | torque | | | | N × m | wavenumber | n | | | m-1 | density | | kilogram per cubic meter | kg/m³ | kg × m-3 | specific volume | | | | m3 × kg-1 | molars SI | | | | mol × dm-3 | molar volume | Vm | | | m3 × mol-1 | heat capacity, entropy | C, S | | | J × K-1 | molar heat, molar entropy | Cm, Sm | | | J × K-1 × mol-1 | specific heat, specific entropy | c, s | | | J × K-1 × kg-1 | molar energy | Em | | | J × mol-1 | specific energy | e | | | J × kg-1 | energy density | U | | | J × m-3 | surface tension | s | | | N × m-1 | energy flux density, irradiance | s | | | W × m-2 | thermal conductivity | | | | W × m-1 × K-1 | kinematic viscosity, diffusion coefficient | | | | m2 × s-1 | dynamic viscosity | | | | N × s × m-2 | density of electric charge | | | | C × m-3 | electric current density | j | | | A × m-2 | electrical conductivity | | | | S × m-1 | molar conductivity | | | | S × m2 × mol-1 | dielectric constant | e | | | F × m-1 | magnetic permeability | µ | | | H × m-1 | (intensity) of the electric field | F, E | | | V × m-1 | (intensity) of the magnetic field | H | | | A × m-1 | magnetization | M | | | A × m-1 | luminance | | | | cd × m-2 | exposure (X and gamma rays) | | | | C × kg-1 | absorbed dose rate | | | | Gy × s-1 |
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Length is the long dimension of any object. The length of a thing is the distance between its ends, its linear extent as measured from end to end. This may be distinguished from height, which is vertical extent, and width or breadth, which are the distance from side to side, measuring across the object at right angles to the length. In the physical sciences and engineering, the word "length" is typically used synonymously with "distance", with symbol l or L or letter-like symbol l. In the International System of Units (SI), the basic unit of length is the meter and is now defined in terms of the speed of light. Unit | Symbol | Definition | Factor | ångström | Å | = 1 × 10-10 m | 0.1e-9 | astronomical unit | AU | Distance from Earth to Sun | 149597871464 | barleycorn (H) | | = in (see note above about rounding) | 8.46e-3 | bohr, atomic unit of length | a0 | = Bohr radius of hydrogen | 5.2917720859e-11 | cable length (Imperial) | | = 608 ft | 185.3184 | cable length (International) | | = 1/10 nmi | 185.2 | cable length (U.S.) | | = 720 ft | 219.456 | centimeters | cm | = 0.01 m | 0.01 | chain (Gunter´s; Surveyor´s) | ch | = 66 ft = 4 rods | 20.1168 | cubit (H) | | = Distance from fingers to elbow 18in | 0.5 | ell (H) | ell | = 45 in | 1.143 | fathom | fm | = 6 ft | 1.8288 | fermi | fm | = 1 × 10-15 m | 1e-15 | finger | | = 7/8 in | 0.022225 | finger (cloth) | | = 4½ in | 0.1143 | foot (Benoît) (H) | ft(Ben) | | 0.304799735 | foot (Clarke´s; Cape) (H) | ft(Cla) | | 0.3047972654 | foot (Indian) (H) | ftInd | | 0.304799514 | foot (International) | ft | = yd = 12 inches | 0.3048 | foot (Sear´s) (H) | ft(Sear) | | 0.30479947 | foot (U.S. Survey) | ft(US) | = 1 200/3 937 m | 0.304800610 | french; charriere | F | = mm | 3.3e-4 | furlong | fur | = 10 chains = 660 ft = 220 yd | 201.168 | hand | | = 4 in | 0.1016 | inch | in | = 1/36 yd = 1/12 ft | 0.0254 | kilometers | km | = 1000 m | 1000 | league (land) | lea | = 3 US Statute miles | 4828.032 | light-day | | = 24 light-hours | 2.59020683712e13 | light-hour | | = 60 light-minutes | 1.0792528488e12 | light-minute | | = 60 light-seconds | 1.798754748e10 | light-second | | = Distance light travels in one second in vacuum | 2.99792458e8 | light-year | l.y. | = Distance light travels in vacuum in 365.25 days | 9.4607304725808e15 | line | ln | = 1/12 in | 0.002116 | link (Gunter´s; Surveyor´s) | lnk | = 1/100 ch | 0.201168 | link (Ramsden´s; Engineer´s) | lnk | = 1 ft | 0.3048 | metre (SI base unit) | m | = Distance light travels in 1/299 792 458 of a second in vacuum. | 1 | mickey | | = 1/200 in | 1.27e-4 | micron | µ | | 1e-6 | mil; thou | mil | = 1 × 10-3 in | 2.54e-5 | mil (Sweden and Norway) | mil | = 10 km | 10000 | mile | mi | = 1 760 yd = 5 280 ft = 80 chains | 1609.344 | mile (geographical) (H) | | = 6 082 ft | 1853.7936 | mile (telegraph) (H) | mi | = 6 087 ft | 1855.3176 | mile (U.S. Survey) | mi | = 5 280 ft (US Survey feet) | 1609.347219 | millimeters | mm | = 0.001 m | 0.001 | nail (cloth) | | = 2¼ in | 0.05715 | nautical league | NL;nl | = 3 nmi | 5556 | nautical mile (Admiralty) | NM(Adm);nmi(Adm) | = 6 080 ft | 1853.184 | nautical mile (international) | NM;nmi | = 1 852 m | 1852 | pace | | = 2.5 ft | 0.762 | palm | | = 3 in | 0.0762 | parsec | pc | Distance of star with parallax shift of one arc second from a base of one astronomical unit | 3.08567782e16 | pica | | = 12 points | Dependent on pointeasures. | point (American, English) | pt | = 1/72.272 in | 0.000351450 | point (Didot; European) | pt | = 1/12 × 1/72 of pied du roi; | 0.00037593985 | point (PostScript) | pt | = 1/72 in | 0.0003527 | point (TeX) | pt | = 1/72.27 in | 0.0003514598 | quarter | | = ¼ yd | 0.2286 | rod; pole; perch (H) | rd | = 16½ ft | 5.0292 | rope (H) | rope | = 20 ft | 6.096 | span (H) | | = 9 in | 0.2286 | spat | | | 1e12 | stick (H) | | = 2 in | 0.0508 | stigma; bicron (picometre) | pm | | 1e-12 | twip | twp | = 1/1 440 in | 1.7638e-5 | x unit; siegbahn | xu | | 1.0021e-13 | yard (International) | yd | = 0.9144 m = 3 ft = 36 in | 0.9144 |
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Surface area is the measure of how much exposed area a solid object has, expressed in square units. Mathematical description of the surface area is considerably more involved then the definition of arc length of a curve. Unit | Symbol | Definition | Factor | acre (international) | ac | = 10 sq ch = 4 840 sq yd | 4046.8564224 | acre (U. S. survey) | ac | = 10 sq ch = 4 840 sq yd | 4046.873 | are | a | = 100 m2 | 100 | barn | b | = 10-28 m2 | 1e-28 | barony | | = 4 000 ac | 1.61874256896e7 | board | bd | = 1 in × 1 ft | 7.74192e-3 | boiler horsepower equivalent direct radiation | bhp EDR | = (1 ft2) (1 bhp) / (240 BTUIT/h) | 12.958174 | circular inch | circ in | = p/4 sq in | 5.067075e-4 | circular mil; circular thou | circ mil | = p/4 mil2 | 5.067075e-10 | cord | | = 192 bd | 1.48644864 | dunam | | = 1 000 m2 | 1000 | hectare | ha | = 10 000 m2 | 10000 | hide | | = 100 ac | 4.0468564224e5 | rood | ro | = ¼ ac | 1011.7141056 | shed | | = 10-52 m2 | 1e-52 | square chain | sq ch | = 1/10 ac | 404.68564224 | square foot | sq ft | = 1 ft × 1 ft | 9.290304e-2 | square foot (U.S. Survey) | sq ft | = 1 ft (US) × 1 ft (US) | 9.29034116132749e-2 | square inch | sq in | = 1 in × 1 in | 6.4516e-4 | square kilometre | km2 | = 1 km × 1 km | 1e6 | square link | sq lnk | = 1 lnk × 1 lnk | 4.0468564224e-2 | square metre (SI unit) | m2 | = 1 m × 1 m | 1 | square mil; square thou | sq mil | = 1 mil × 1 mil | 6.516e-10 | square mile; section | sq mi | = 1 mi × 1 mi | 2.589988110336e6 | square mile (U.S. Survey) | sq mi | = 1 mi (US) × 1 mi (US) | 2.589998e6 | square rod/pole/perch | sq rd | = 1 rd × 1 rd | 25.29285264 | square yard | sq yd | = 1 yd × 1 yd | 0.83612736 | stremma | | = 1 000 m2 | 1000 | township | | = 36 sq mi (US) | 9.323994e7 | yardland | | = 30 ac | 1.21405692672e5 |
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The volume of any solid, liquid, gas, plasma, theoretical object, or vacuum is how much three-dimensional space it occupies, often quantified numerically. One-dimensional figures (such as lines) and two-dimensional shapes (such as squares) are assigned zero volume in the three-dimensional space. Volume is commonly presented in units such as cubic meters, cubic centimeters, litres, or millilitres. Unit | Symbol | Definition | Factor | acre-foot | ac ft | = 1 ac x 1 ft = 43 560 ft3 | 1233.48183754752 | acre-inch | | = 1 ac × 1 in | 102.79015312896 | barrel (Imperial) | bl (Imp) | = 36 gal (Imp) | 0.16365924 | barrel (petroleum) | bl; bbl | = 42 gal (US) | 0.158987294928 | barrel (U.S. dry) | bl (US) | = 105 qt (US) = 105/32 bu (US lvl) | 0.115628198985075 | barrel (U.S. fluid) | fl bl (US) | = 31½ gal (US) | 0.119240471196 | board-foot | fbm | = 144 cu in | 2.359737216e-3 | bucket (Imperial) | bkt | = 4 gal (Imp) | 0.01818436 | bushel (Imperial) | bu (Imp) | = 8 gal (Imp) | 0.03636872 | bushel (U.S. dry heaped) | bu (US) | = 1 ¼ bu (US lvl) | 0.0440488377086 | bushel (U.S. dry level) | bu (US lvl) | = 2 150.42 cu in | 0.03523907016688 | butt, pipe | | = 126 gal (wine) | 0.476961884784 | coomb | | = 4 bu (Imp) | 0.14547488 | cord (firewood) | | = 8 ft × 4 ft × 4 ft | 3.624556363776 | cord-foot | | = 16 cu ft | 0.453069545472 | cubic fathom | cu fm | = 1 fm × 1 fm × 1 fm | 6.116438863872 | cubic foot | cu ft | = 1 ft × 1 ft × 1 ft | 0.028316846592 | cubic inch | cu in | = 1 in × 1 in × 1 in | 16.387064e-6 | cubic metre (SI unit) | m3 | = 1 m × 1 m × 1 m | 1 | cubic mile | cu mi | = 1 mi × 1 mi × 1 mi | 4168181825.440579584 | cubic yard | cu yd | = 27 cu ft | 0.764554857984 | cup (breakfast) | | = 10 fl oz (Imp) | 284.130625e-6 | cup (Canadian) | c (CA) | = 8 fl oz (Imp) | 227.3045e-6 | cup (metric) | c | = 250.0 × 10-6 m3 | 250.0e-6 | cup (U.S. customary) | c (US) | = 8 US fl oz = 1/16 gal (US) | 236.5882365e-6 | cup (U.S. food nutrition labeling) | c (US) | = 240 mL | 2.4e-4 | dash (Imperial) | | = 1/384 gi (Imp) = ½ pinch (Imp) | 369.961751302083e-9 | dash (U.S.) | | = 1/96 US fl oz = ½ US pinch | 308.057599609375e-9 | dessertspoon (Imperial) | | = 1/12 gi (Imp) | 11.8387760416e-6 | drop (Imperial) | gtt | = 1/288 fl oz (Imp) | 98.6564670138e-9 | drop (Imperial) (alt) | gtt | = 1/1 824 gi (Imp) | 77.886684e-9 | drop (medical) | | = 1/12 ml | 83.03e-9 | drop (metric) | | = 1/20 mL | 50.0e-9 | drop (U.S.) | gtt | = 1/360 US fl oz | 82.14869322916e-9 | drop (U.S.) (alt) | gtt | = 1/456 US fl oz | 64.854231e-9 | fifth | | = 1/5 US gal | 757.0823568e-6 | firkin | | = 9 gal (US) | 0.034068706056 | fluid drachm (Imperial) | fl dr | = fl oz (Imp) | 3.5516328125e-6 | fluid dram (U.S.); U.S. fluidram | fl dr | = US fl oz | 3.6966911953125e-6 | fluid ounce (Imperial) | fl oz (Imp) | = 1/160 gal (Imp) | 28.4130625e-6 | fluid ounce (U.S. customary) | US fl oz | = 1/128 gal (US) | 29.5735295625e-6 | fluid ounce (U.S. food nutrition labeling) | US fl oz | = 30 mL | 3e-5 | fluid scruple (Imperial) | fl s | = 1/24 fl oz (Imp) | 1.18387760416e-6 | gallon (beer) | beer gal | = 282 cu in | 4.621152048e-3 | gallon (Imperial) | gal (Imp) | = 4.546 09 L | 4.54609e-3 | gallon (U.S. dry) | gal (US) | = bu (US lvl) | 4.40488377086e-3 | gallon (U.S. fluid; Wine) | gal (US) | = 231 cu in | 3.785411784e-3 | gill (Imperial); Noggin | gi (Imp); nog | = 5 fl oz (Imp) | 142.0653125e-6 | gill (U.S.) | gi (US) | = 4 US fl oz | 118.29411825e-6 | hogshead (Imperial) | hhd (Imp) | = 2 bl (Imp) | 0.32731848 | hogshead (U.S.) | hhd (US) | = 2 fl bl (US) | 0.238480942392 | jigger (bartending) | | = 1½ US fl oz | 44.36e-6 | kilderkin | | = 18 gal (Imp) | 0.08182962 | lambda | | = 1 mm3 | 1e-9 | last | | = 80 bu (Imp) | 2.9094976 | litre | L | = 1 dm3 | 0.001 | load | | = 50 cu ft | 1.4158423296 | minim (Imperial) | min | = 1/480 fl oz (Imp) = 1/60 fl dr (Imp) | 59.1938802083e-9 | minim (U.S.) | min | = 1/480 US fl oz = 1/60 US fl dr | 61.611519921875e-9 | peck (Imperial) | pk | = 2 gal (Imp) | 9.09218e-3 | peck (U.S. dry) | pk | = ¼ US lvl bu | 8.80976754172e-3 | perch | per | = 16½ ft × 1½ ft × 1 ft | 0.700841953152 | pinch (Imperial) | | = 1/192 gi (Imp) = tsp (Imp) | 739.92350260416e-9 | pinch (U.S.) | | = 1/48 US fl oz = US tsp | 616.11519921875e-9 | pint (Imperial) | pt (Imp) | = gal (Imp) | 568.26125e-6 | pint (U.S. dry) | pt (US dry) | = 1/64 bu (US lvl) = gal (US dry) | 550.6104713575e-6 | pint (U.S. fluid) | pt (US fl) | = gal (US) | 473.176473e-6 | pony | | = 3/4 US fl oz | 22.180147171875e-6 | pottle; quartern | | = ½ gal (Imp) = 80 fl oz (Imp) | 2.273045e-3 | quart (Imperial) | qt (Imp) | = ¼ gal (Imp) | 1.1365225e-3 | quart (U.S. dry) | qt (US) | = 1/32 bu (US lvl) = ¼ gal (US dry) | 1.101220942715e-3 | quart (U.S. fluid) | qt (US) | = ¼ gal (US fl) | 946.352946e-6 | quarter; pail | | = 8 bu (Imp) | 0.29094976 | register ton | | = 100 cu ft | 2.8316846592 | sack (Imperial); bag | | = 3 bu (Imp) | 0.10910616 | sack (U.S.) | | = 3 bu (US lvl) | 0.10571721050064 | seam | | = 8 bu (US lvl) | 0.28191256133504 | shot | | = 1 US fl oz | 29.57e-6 | strike (Imperial) | | = 2 bu (Imp) | 0.07273744 | strike (U.S.) | | = 2 bu (US lvl) | 0.07047814033376 | tablespoon (Canadian) | tbsp | = ½ fl oz (Imp) | 14.20653125e-6 | tablespoon (Imperial) | tbsp | = 5/8 fl oz (Imp) | 17.7581640625e-6 | tablespoon (metric) | | | 15.0e-6 | tablespoon (U.S. customary) | tbsp | = ½ US fl oz | 14.7867647825e-6 | tablespoon (U.S. food nutrition labeling) | tbsp | = 15 mL | 1.5e-5 | teaspoon (Canadian) | tsp | = 1/6 fl oz (Imp) | 4.735510416e-6 | teaspoon (Imperial) | tsp | = 1/24 gi (Imp) | 5.91938802083e-6 | teaspoon (metric) | | = 5.0 × 10-6 m3 | 5.0e-6 | teaspoon (U.S. customary) | tsp | = 1/6 US fl oz | 4.928921595e-6 | teaspoon (U.S. food nutrition labeling) | tsp | = 5 mL | 5e-6 | timber foot | | = 1 cu ft | 0.028316846592 | ton (displacement) | | = 35 cu ft | 0.99108963072 | ton (freight) | | = 40 cu ft | 1.13267386368 | ton (water) | | = 28 bu (Imp) | 1.01832416 | tun | | = 252 gal (wine) | 0.953923769568 | wey (U.S.) | | = 40 bu (US lvl) | 1.4095628066752 |
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In geometry and trigonometry, an angle (in full, plane angle) is the figure formed by two rays sharing a common endpoint, called the vertex of the angle. The magnitude of the angle is the \"amount of rotation\" that separates the two rays, and can be measured by considering the length of circular arc swept out when one ray is rotated about the vertex to coincide with the other. Where there is no possibility of confusion, the term \"angle\" is used interchangeably for both the geometric configuration itself and for its angular magnitude (which is simply a numerical quantity). Unit | Symbol | Definition | Factor | angular mil | µ | = 2p/6 400 rad | 0.981748e-3 | arcminute | ´ | = 1°/60 | 0.290888e-3 | arcsecond | \" | = 1°/3 600 | 4.848137e-6 | centesimal minute of arc | ´ | = 1 grad/100 | 0.157080e-3 | centesimal second of arc | \" | = 1 grad/10 000 | 1.570796e-6 | degree (of arc) | ° | = p/180 rad = 1/360 of a revolution | 17.453293e-3 | grad; gradian; gon | grad | = 2p/400 rad = 0.9° | 15.707963e-3 | octant | | = 45° | 0.785398 | quadrant | | = 90° | 1.570796 | radian (SI unit) | rad | The angle subtended at the center of a circle by an arc whose length is equal to the circle´s radius. One full revolution encompasses 2p radians. | 1 | sextant | | = 60° | 1.047198 | sign | | = 30° | 0.523599 |
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In the physical sciences, the weight of an object is the magnitude, W, of the force that must be applied to an object in order to support it (i.e. hold it at rest) in a gravitational field. The weight of an object equals the magnitude of the gravitational force acting on the object, less the effect of its buoyancy in any fluid in which it might be immersed. Near the surface of the Earth, the acceleration due to gravity is approximately constant; this means that an object´s weight near the surface of the Earth is roughly proportional to its mass. Unit | Symbol | Definition | Factor | atomic mass unit, unified | u; AMU | | 1.66053873e-27 | atomic unit of mass, electron rest mass | me | | 9.10938215e-31 | bag (coffee) | | = 60 kg | 60 | bag (Portland cement) | | = 94 lb av | 42.63768278 | barge | | = 22½ sh tn | 20411.65665 | carat | kt | = 3 1/6 gr | 205.196548333e-6 | carat (metric) | ct | = 200 mg | 200e-6 | clove | | = 8 lb av | 3.62873896 | crith | | | 89.9349e-6 | dalton | Da | | 1.66090210e-27 | dram (apothecary; troy) | dr t | = 60 gr | 3.8879346e-3 | dram (avoirdupois) | dr av | = 27 11/32 gr | 1.7718451953125e-3 | electronvolt | eV | = 1 eV (energy unit) / c2 | 1.7826e-36 | gamma | | = 1 µg | 1e-9 | grain | gr | = 64.798 91 mg | 64.79891e-6 | hundredweight (long) | long cwt or cwt | = 112 lb av | 50.80234544 | hundredweight (short); cental | sh cwt | = 100 lb av | 45.359237 | hyl (CGS unit) | | = 1 gee × 1 g × 1 s2/m | 9.80665e-3 | hyl (MKS unit) | | = 1 gee × 1 kg × 1 s2/m | 9.80665 | kilogram, grave (SI unit) | kg; G | | 1 | kip | kip | = 1 000 lb av | 453.59237 | mark | | = 8 oz t | 248.8278144e-3 | mite | | = 1/20 gr | 3.2399455e-6 | mite (metric) | | = 1/20 g | 50e-6 | ounce (apothecary; troy) | oz t | = 1/12 lb t | 31.1034768e-3 | ounce (avoirdupois) | oz av | = 1/16 lb | 28.349523125e-3 | ounce (U.S. food nutrition labeling) | oz | = 28 g | 28e-3 | pennyweight | dwt; pwt | = 1/20 oz t | 1.55517384e-3 | point | | = 1/100 ct | 2e-6 | pound (avoirdupois) | lb av | = 7 000 grains | 0.45359237 | pound (metric) | | = 500 g | 500e-3 | pound (troy) | lb t | = 5 760 grains | 0.3732417216 | quarter (Imperial) | | = 1/4 long cwt = 2 st = 28 lb av | 12.70058636 | quarter (informal) | | = ¼ short tn | 226.796185 | quarter, long (informal) | | = ¼ long tn | 254.0117272 | quintal (metric) | q | = 100 kg | 100 | scruple (apothecary) | s ap | = 20 gr | 1.2959782e-3 | sheet | | = 1/700 lb av | 647.9891e-6 | slug; geepound | slug | = 1 gee × 1 lb av × 1 s2/ft | 14.593903 | stone | st | = 14 lb av | 6.35029318 | ton, assay (long) | AT | = 1 mg × 1 long tn ÷ 1 oz t | 32.666667e-3 | ton, assay (short) | AT | = 1 mg × 1 sh tn ÷ 1 oz t | 29.166667e-3 | ton, long | long tn or ton | = 2 240 lb | 1016.0469088 | ton, short | sh tn | = 2 000 lb | 907.18474 | tonne (mts unit) | t | = 1 000 kg | 1000 | wey | | = 252 lb = 18 st | 114.30527724 | Zentner | Ztr. | Definitions vary | -- |
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The density of a material is defined as its mass per unit volume. Unit | Symbol | Definition | Factor | gram per millilitre | g/mL | = g/mL | 1 | kilogram per cubic metre (SI unit) | kg/m3 | = kg/m3 | 1 | kilogram per litre | kg/L | = kg/L | 1 | ounce (avoirdupois) per cubic foot | oz/ft3 | = oz/ft3 | 1.001153961 | ounce (avoirdupois) per cubic inch | oz/in3 | = oz/in3 | 1.729994044e3 | ounce (avoirdupois) per gallon (Imperial) | oz/gal | = oz/gal | 6.236023291 | ounce (avoirdupois) per gallon (U.S. fluid) | oz/gal | = oz/gal | 7.489151707 | pound (avoirdupois) per cubic foot | lb/ft3 | = lb/ft3 | 16.01846337 | pound (avoirdupois) per cubic inch | lb/in3 | = lb/in3 | 2.767990471e4 | pound (avoirdupois) per gallon (Imperial) | lb/gal | = lb/gal | 99.77637266 | pound (avoirdupois) per gallon (U.S. fluid) | lb/gal | = lb/gal | 119.8264273 | slug per cubic foot | slug/ft3 | = slug/ft3 | 515.3788184 |
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In physics as well as in other sciences, time is considered one of the few fundamental quantities. Time is used to define other quantities - such as velocity - so defining time in terms of such quantities would result in circularity of definition. An operational definition of time, wherein one says that observing a certain number of repetitions of one or another standard cyclical event (such as the passage of a free-swinging pendulum) constitutes one standard unit such as the second, is highly useful in the conduct of both advanced experiments and everyday affairs of life. Unit | Symbol | Definition | Factor | atomic unit of time | au | = a0/(a×c) | 2.418884254e-17 | Callippic cycle | | = 441 mo (hollow) + 499 mo (full) = 76 a of 365.25 d | 2.3983776e9 | century | | = 100 a (see below for definition of year length) | 3155695200 | day | d | = 24 h | 86400 | day (sidereal) | d | = Time needed for the Earth to rotate once around its axis, determined from successive transits of a very distant astronomical object across an observer´s meridian (International Celestial Reference Frame) | 86164.1 | decade | | = 10 a (see below for definition of year length) | 315569520 | fortnight | | = 2 wk | 1209600 | helek | | = 1/1 080 h | 3.3 | Hipparchic cycle | | = 4 Callippic cycles - 1 d | 9.593424e9 | hour | h | = 60 min | 3600 | jiffy | | = 1/60 s | 0.01666666666666 | jiffy (alternate) | | = 1/100 s | 10e-6 | ke (quarter of an hour) | | = ¼ h = 1/96 d = 60 × 60 / 4 s = 900 s = 60 / 4 min = 15 min | 900 | ke (traditional) | | = 1/100 d = 24 × 60 × 60 / 100 s = 864 s = 24 * 60 / 100 min = 14.4 min | 864 | lustre; lustrum | | = 5 a of 365 d | 1.5768e8 | Metonic cycle; enneadecaeteris | | = 110 mo (hollow) + 125 mo (full) = 6940 d 19 a | 5.99616e8 | millennium | | = 1 000 a (see below for definition of year length) | 31556952000 | milliday | md | = 1/1 000 d = 24 × 60 × 60 / 1 000 s | 86.4 | minute | min | = 60 s | 60 | moment | | = 90 s | 90 | month (full) | mo | = 30 d | 2592000 | month (hollow) | mo | = 29 d | 2505600 | octaeteris | | = 48 mo (full) + 48 mo (hollow) + 3 mo (full) = 8 a of 365.25 d = 2922 d | 2.524608e8 | Planck time | | = (G/c5)½ | 1.351211868e-43 | second (SI unit) | s | time of 9 192 631 770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the 2 hyperfine levels of the ground state of the caesium 133 atom at 0 K (but other seconds are sometimes used in astronomy) | 1 | shake | | = 10-8 s | 10e-9 | sigma | | = 10-6 s | 1e-6 | Sothic cycle | | = 1 461 a of 365 d | 4.6074096e10 | svedberg | S | = 10-13 s | 10e-13 | week | wk | = 7 d | 604800 | year (Gregorian) | a, y, or yr | = 365.2425 d average, calculated from common years (365 d) plus leap years (366 d) on most years divisible by 4. See leap year for details. | 31556952 | year (Julian) | a, y, or yr | = 365.25 d average, calculated from common years (365 d) plus one leap year (366 d) every four years | 31557600 | year (sidereal) | a, y, or yr | = time taken for Sun to return to the same position with respect to the stars of the celestial sphere 365.256 363 d 31 558 149.7632 s | 31558149.7632 | year (tropical) | a, y, or yr | = Length of time it takes for the Sun to return to the same position in the cycle of seasons 365.242 190 d 31 556 925 s | 31556925 |
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Number of cycles per period. Unit | Symbol | Definition | Factor | hertz (SI unit) | Hz | = Number of cycles per second | 1 | revolutions per minute | rpm | = One unit rpm equals one rotation completed around a fixed axis in one minute of time (0.104719755 rad/s). | 0.6579736259874460368649291834988 |
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Speed or velocity ConvertSpeed is a scalar quantity with dimensions length/time; the equivalent vector quantity to speed is velocity. Speed is measured in the same physical units of measurement as velocity, but does not contain the element of direction that velocity has. Speed is thus the magnitude component of velocity. Unit | Symbol | Definition | Factor | foot per hour | fph | = 1 ft/h | 8.466667e-5 | foot per minute | fpm | = 1 ft/min | 5.08e-3 | foot per second | fps | = 1 ft/s | 3.048e-1 | furlong per fortnight | | = furlong/fortnight | 1.663095e-4 | inch per minute | ipm | = 1 in/min | 4.23333e-4 | inch per second | ips | = 1 in/s | 2.54e-2 | kilometre per hour | km/h | = 1 km/h | 2.777778e-1 | knot | kn | = 1 NM/h = 1.852 km/h | 0.514444 | knot (Admiralty) | kn | = 1 NM (Adm)/h = 1.853 184 km/h[citation needed] | 0.514773 | mach number | M | The ratio of the speed of an object moving through a fluid to the speed of sound in the same medium; typically used as a measure of aircraft speed. | -- | metre per second (SI unit) | m/s | = 1 m/s | 1 | mile per hour | mph | = 1 mi/h | 0.44704 | mile per minute | mpm | = 1 mi/min | 26.8224 | mile per second | mps | = 1 mi/s | 1609.344 | speed of light in vacuum | c | = 299 792 458 m/s | 299792458 | speed of sound in air | s | 344 m/s at 20 °C, 60% relative humidity | 344 |
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Flow (volume). Unit | Symbol | Definition | Factor | cubic foot per minute | CFM | = 1 ft3/min | 4.719474432e-4 | cubic foot per second | ft3/s | = 1 ft3/s | 0.028316846592 | cubic inch per minute | in3/min | = 1 in3/min | 2.7311773e-7 | cubic inch per second | in3/s | = 1 in3/s | 1.6387064e-5 | cubic metre per second (SI unit) | m3/s | = 1 m3/s | 1 | gallon (U.S. fluid) per day | GPD | = 1 gal/d | 4.381263638e-8 | gallon (U.S. fluid) per hour | GPH | = 1 gal/h | 1.051503273e-6 | gallon (U.S. fluid) per minute | GPM | = 1 gal/min | 6.30901964e-5 | litre per minute | LPM | = 1 L/min | 1.6e-5 |
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In physics, and more specifically kinematics, acceleration is the change in velocity over time. Because velocity is a vector, it can change in two ways: a change in magnitude and/or a change in direction. In one dimension, acceleration is the rate at which something speeds up or slows down. However, as a vector quantity, acceleration is also the rate at which direction changes. Acceleration has the dimensions L T-2. In SI units, acceleration is measured in metres per second squared (m/s2). Unit | Symbol | Definition | Factor | foot per hour per second | fph/s | = 1 ft/(h×s) | 8.466667e-5 | foot per minute per second | fpm/s | = 1 ft/(min×s) | 5.08e-3 | foot per second squared | fps2 | = 1 ft/s2 | 3.048e-1 | gal; galileo | Gal | = 1 cm/s2 | 10-2 | inch per minute per second | ipm/s | = 1 in/(min×s) | 4.233333e-4 | inch per second squared | ips2 | = 1 in/s2 | 2.54e-2 | knot per second | kn/s | = 1 kn/s | 5.144444e-1 | metre per second squared (SI unit) | m/s2 | = 1 m/s2 | 1 | mile per hour per second | mph/s | = 1 mi/(h×s) | 4.4704e-1 | mile per minute per second | mpm/s | = 1 mi/(min×s) | 26.8224 | mile per second squared | mps2 | = 1 mi/s2 | 1.609344e3 | standard gravity | g | = 9.806 65 m/s2 | 9.80665 |
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In physics, a force is any agent that causes a change in the motion of a free body, or that causes stress in a fixed body. It can also be described by intuitive concepts such as a push or pull that can cause an object with mass to change its velocity (which includes to begin moving from a state of rest), i.e., to accelerate, or which can cause a flexible object to deform. Force has both magnitude and direction, making it a vector quantity. Newton´s second law states that an object with a constant mass will accelerate in proportion to the net force acting upon and in inverse proportion to its mass. Equivalently, the net force on an object equals the rate at which its momentum changes. Unit | Symbol | Definition | Factor | atomic unit of force | | = me×a2×c2/a0 | 8.23872206e-8 | dyne (cgs unit) | dyn | = g×cm/s2 | 1e-5 | kilogram-force; kilopond; grave-force | kgf;kp;Gf | = g × 1 kg | 9.80665 | kip; kip-force | kip;kipf;klbf | = g × 1 000 lb | 4.4482216152605e3 | milligrave-force, gravet-force | mGf;gf | = g × 1 g | 9.80665e-3 | newton (SI unit) | N | A force capable of giving a mass of one kg an acceleration of one meter per second, per second. = 1 N = 1 kg×m/s2 | 1 | ounce-force | ozf | = g × 1 oz | 0.2780138509537812 | pound | lb | = slug×ft/s2 | 4.448230531 | pound-force | lbf | = g × 1 lb | 4.4482216152605 | poundal | pdl | = 1 lb×ft/s2 | 0.138254954376 | sthene (mts unit) | sn | = 1 t×m/s2 | 1e3 | ton-force | tnf | = g × 1 sh tn | 8.896443230521e3 |
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Pressure or mechanical stress ConvertPressure (symbol: p or P) is the force per unit area applied in a direction perpendicular to the surface of an object. Gauge pressure is the pressure relative to the local atmospheric or ambient pressure. Unit | Symbol | Definition | Factor | atmosphere (standard) | atm | | 101325 | atmosphere (technical) | at | = 1 kgf/cm2 | 9.80665e4 | bar | bar | | 105 | barye (cgs unit) | | = 1 dyn/cm2 | 0.1 | centimetre of mercury | cmHg | = 13 595.1 kg/m3 × 1 cm × g | 1.33322e3 | centimetre of water (4 °C) | cmH2O | 999.972 kg/m3 × 1 cm × g | 98.0638 | foot of mercury (conventional) | ftHg | = 13 595.1 kg/m3 × 1 ft × g | 40.63666e3 | foot of water (39.2 °F) | ftH2O | 999.972 kg/m3 × 1 ft × g | 2.98898e3 | inch of mercury (conventional) | inHg | = 13 595.1 kg/m3 × 1 in × g | 3.386389e3 | inch of water (39.2 °F) | inH2O | 999.972 kg/m3 × 1 in × g | 249.082 | kilogram-force per square millimetre | kgf/mm2 | = 1 kgf/mm2 | 9.80665e6 | kip per square inch | ksi | = 1 kipf/sq in | 6.894757e6 | micron (micrometre) of mercury | µmHg | = 13 595.1 kg/m3 × 1 µm × g 0.001 torr | 0.1333224 | millimetre of mercury | mmHg | = 13 595.1 kg/m3 × 1 mm × g 1 torr | 133.3224 | millimetre of water (3.98 °C) | mmH2O | 999.972 kg/m3 × 1 mm × g = 0.999 972 kgf/m2 | 9.80638 | pascal (SI unit) | Pa | = N/m2 = kg/(m×s2) | 1 | pièze (mts unit) | pz | = 1 000 kg/m×s2 | 1e3 | pound per square foot | psf | = 1 lbf/ft2 | 47.88025 | pound per square inch | psi | = 1 lbf/in2 | 6.894757e3 | poundal per square foot | pdl/sqft | = 1 pdl/sq ft | 1.488164 | short ton per square foot | | = 1 sh tn × g / 1 sq ft | 95.760518e3 | torr | torr | = 101 325/760 Pa | 133.3224 |
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Torque or moment of force ConvertTorque, also called moment or moment of force, is the tendency of a force to rotate an object about an axis, fulcrum, or pivot. Just as a force is a push or a pull, a torque can be thought of as a twist. In more basic terms, torque measures how hard something is rotated. For example, imagine a wrench or spanner trying to twist a nut or bolt. The amount of \"twist\" (torque) depends on how long the wrench is, how hard you push down on it, and how well you are pushing it in the correct direction. Unit | Symbol | Definition | Factor | foot-pound force | ftlbf | = g × 1 lb × 1 ft | 1.3558179483314004 | foot-poundal | ftpdl | = 1 lb×ft2/s2 | 4.21401100938048e-2 | inch-pound force | inlbf | = g × 1 lb × 1 in | 0.1129848290276167 | Newton metre (SI unit) | N×m | = N × m = kg×m2/s2 | 1 |
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Energy, work, or amount of heat ConvertIn physics, is a scalar physical quantity that describes the amount of work that can be performed by a force, an attribute of objects and systems that is subject to a conservation law. Different forms of energy include kinetic, potential, thermal, gravitational, sound, light, elastic, and electromagnetic energy. The forms of energy are often named after a related force. Any form of energy can be transformed into another form, but the total energy always remains the same. This principle, the conservation of energy, was first postulated in the early 19th century, and applies to any isolated system. According to Noether´s theorem, the conservation of energy is a consequence of the fact that the laws of physics do not change over time. Unit | Symbol | Definition | Factor | barrel of oil equivalent | bboe | 5.8 × 106 BTU59 °F | 6.12e9 | British thermal unit (ISO) | BTUISO | = 1.0545 × 103 J | 1.0545e3 | British thermal unit (International Table) | BTUIT | | 1.05505585262e3 | British thermal unit (mean) | BTUmean | | 1.05587e3 | British thermal unit (thermochemical) | BTUth | | 1.054350e3 | British thermal unit (39 °F) | BTU39°F | | 1.05967e3 | British thermal unit (59 °F) | BTU59°F | = 1.054 804 × 103 J | 1.054804e3 | British thermal unit (60 °F) | BTU60°F | | 1.05468e3 | British thermal unit (63 °F) | BTU63°F | | 1.0546e3 | calorie (International Table) | calIT | = 4.1868 J | 4.1868 | calorie (mean) | calmean | | 4.19002 | calorie (thermochemical) | calth | = 4.184 J | 4.184 | calorie (3.98 °C) | cal3.98°C | | 4.2045 | calorie (15 °C) | cal15°C | = 4.1855 J | 4.1855 | calorie (20 °C) | cal20°C | | 4.1819 | Celsius heat unit (International Table) | CHUIT | = 1 BTUIT × 1 K/°R | 1.899100534716e3 | cubic centimetre of atmosphere | ccatm;scc | = 1 atm × 1 cm3 | 0.101325 | cubic foot of atmosphere; standard cubic foot | cuftatm;scf | = 1 atm × 1 ft3 | 2.8692044809344e3 | cubic foot of natural gas | | = 1 000 BTUIT | 1.05505585262e6 | cubic yard of atmosphere; standard cubic yard | cuydatm;scy | = 1 atm × 1 yd3 | 77.4685209852288e3 | electronvolt | eV | = e × 1 V | 1.60217733e-19 | erg (cgs unit) | erg | = 1 g×cm2/s2 | 1e-7 | foot-pound force | ftlbf | = g × 1 lb × 1 ft | 1.3558179483314004 | foot-poundal | ftpdl | = 1 lb×ft2/s2 | 4.21401100938048e-2 | gallon-atmosphere (imperial) | impgalatm | = 1 atm × 1 gal (imp) | 460.63256925 | gallon-atmosphere (US) | USgalatm | = 1 atm × 1 gal (US) | 383.5568490138 | hartree, atomic unit of energy | Eh | = me×a2×c2 (= 2 Ry) | 4.359744e-18 | horsepower-hour | hp×h | = 1 hp × 1 h | 2.684519537696172792e6 | inch-pound force | inlbf | = g × 1 lb × 1 in | 0.1129848290276167 | joule (SI unit) | J | The work done when a force of one newton moves the point of its application a distance of one meter in the direction of the force. = 1 J = 1 m×N = 1 kg×m2/s2 | 1 | kilocalorie; large calorie | kcal;Cal | = 1 000 calIT | 4.1868e3 | kilowatt-hour; Board of Trade Unit | kW×h;B.O.T.U. | = 1 kW × 1 h | 3.6e6 | litre-atmosphere | latm;sl | = 1 atm × 1 L | 101.325 | quad | | = 1015 BTUIT | 1.05505585262e18 | rydberg | Ry | = R8×h×c | 2.179872e-18 | therm (E.C.) | | = 100 000 BTUIT | 105.505585262e6 | therm (U.S.) | | = 100 000 BTU59 °F | 105.4804e6 | thermie | th | = 1 McalIT | 4.1868e6 | ton of coal equivalent | TCE | = 7 Gcalth | 29.3076e9 | ton of oil equivalent | TOE | = 10 Gcalth | 41.868e9 | ton of TNT | tTNT | = 1 Gcalth | 4.184e9 |
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Power or heat flow rate ConvertIn physics, power is the rate at which work is performed or energy is converted. It is an energy per unit of time. As a rate of change of work done or the energy of a subsystem, power is: P = W\t , where P is power, W is work and t is time. Unit | Symbol | Definition | Factor | atmosphere-cubic centimetre per minute | atmccm | = 1 atm × 1 cm3/min | 1.68875e-3 | atmosphere-cubic centimetre per second | atmccs | = 1 atm × 1 cm3/s | 0.101325 | atmosphere-cubic foot per hour | atmcfh | = 1 atm × 1 cu ft/h | 0.797001244704 | atmosphere-cubic foot per minute | atm×cfm | = 1 atm × 1 cu ft/min | 47.82007468224 | atmosphere-cubic foot per second | atmcfs | = 1 atm × 1 cu ft/s | 2.8692044809344e3 | BTU (International Table) per hour | BTUIT/h | = 1 BTUIT/h | 0.293071 | BTU (International Table) per minute | BTUIT/min | = 1 BTUIT/min | 17.584264 | BTU (International Table) per second | BTUIT/s | = 1 BTUIT/s | 1.05505585262e3 | calorie (International Table) per second | calIT/s | = 1 calIT/s | 4.1868 | foot-pound-force per hour | ftlbf/h | = 1 ft lbf/h | 3.766161e-4 | foot-pound-force per minute | ftlbf/min | = 1 ft lbf/min | 2.259696580552334e-2 | foot-pound-force per second | ftlbf/s | = 1 ft lbf/s | 1.3558179483314004 | horsepower (boiler) | bhp | 34.5 lb/h × 970.3 BTUIT/lb | 9.810657e3 | horsepower (European electrical) | hp | = 75 kp×m/s | 736 | horsepower (Imperial electrical) | hp | = 746 W | 746 | horsepower (Imperial mechanical) | hp | = 550 ft lbf/s | 745.69987158227022 | horsepower (metric) | hp | = 75 m kgf/s | 735.49875 | litre-atmosphere per minute | L×atm/min | = 1 atm × 1 L/min | 1.68875 | litre-atmosphere per second | L×atm/s | = 1 atm × 1 L/s | 101.325 | lusec | lusec | = 1 L×µmHg/s | 1.333e-4 | poncelet | p | = 100 m kgf/s | 980.665 | square foot equivalent direct radiation | sqftEDR | = 240 BTUIT/h | 70.337057 | ton of air conditioning | | = 1 t ice melted / 24 h | 3504 | ton of refrigeration (Imperial) | | = 1 BTUIT × 1 lng tn/lb ÷ 10 min/s | 3.938875e3 | ton of refrigeration (IT) | | = 1 BTUIT × 1 sh tn/lb ÷ 10 min/s | 3.516853e3 | watt (SI unit) | W | The power which in one second of time gives rise to one joule of energy. = 1 W = 1 J/s = 1 N×m/s = 1 kg×m2/s3 | 1 |
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Dynamic viscosity ConvertDynamic viscosity (or absolute viscosity) determines the dynamics of an incompressible Newtonian fluid. Viscosity is a measure of the resistance of a fluid which is being deformed by either shear stress or extensional stress. Viscosity describes a fluid´s internal resistance to flow and may be thought of as a measure of fluid friction. Unit | Symbol | Definition | Factor | pascal second (SI unit) | Pa×s | = N×s/m2 , kg/(m×s) | 1 | poise (cgs unit) | P | = 10-1 Pa×s | 0.1 | pound per foot hour | lb/(ft×h) | = 1 lb/(ft×h) | 4.133789e-4 | pound per foot second | lb/(ft×s) | = 1 lb/(ft×s) | 1.488164 | pound-force second per square foot | lbf×s/ft2 | = 1 lbf×s/ft2 | 47.88026 | pound-force second per square inch | lbf×s/in2 | = 1 lbf×s/in2 | 6894.757 |
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Kinematic viscosity ConvertKinematic viscosity is the dynamic viscosity divided by the density for a Newtonian fluid. Unit | Symbol | Definition | Factor | square foot per second | ft2/s | = 1 ft2/s | 0.09290304 | square metre per second (SI unit) | m2/s | = 1 m2/s | 1 | stokes (cgs unit) | St | = 10-4 m2/s | 1e-4 |
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Electric current ConvertElectric current can mean, depending on the context, a flow of electric charge (a phenomenon) or the rate of flow of electric charge (a quantity). The electric charge that flows is carried by, for example, mobile electrons in a conductor, ions in an electrolyte or both in a plasma. The SI unit for rate of flow of electric charge is the ampere. Electric current is measured using an ammeter. Unit | Symbol | Definition | Factor | ampere (SI base unit) | A | = The constant current needed to produce a force of 2 × 10-7 newton per metre between two straight parallel conductors of infinite length and negligible circular cross-section placed one metre apart in a vacuum. | 1 | electromagnetic unit; abampere (cgs unit) | abamp | = 10 A | 10 | esu per second; statampere (cgs unit) | esu/s | = (0.1 A×m/s) / c | 3.335641e-10 |
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Electric charge ConvertElectric charge is a fundamental conserved property of some subatomic particles, which determines their electromagnetic interaction. Electrically charged matter is influenced by, and produces, electromagnetic fields. The interaction between a moving charge and an electromagnetic field is the source of the electromagnetic force, which is one of the four fundamental forces. The electric charge on a body may be positive or negative. Two positively charged bodies experience a mutual repulsive force, as do two negatively charged bodies. A positively charged body and a negatively charged body experience an attractive force. Unit | Symbol | Definition | Factor | abcoulomb; electromagnetic unit (cgs unit) | abC;emu | = 10 C | 10 | atomic unit of charge | au | = e | 1.602176462e-19 | coulomb (SI unit) | C | = The amount of electricity carried in one second of time by one ampere of current. = 1 C = 1 A×s | 1 | faraday | F | = 1 mol × NA×e | 96485.3383 | statcoulomb; franklin; electrostatic unit (cgs unit) | statC;Fr;esu | = (0.1 A×m) / c | 3.335641e-10 |
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Voltage, electromotive force ConvertVoltage is commonly used as a short name for electrical potential difference. Its corresponding SI unit is the volt (symbol: V, not italicized). Electric potential is a hypothetically measurable physical dimension, and is denoted by the algebraic variable V (italicized). The voltage between two (electron) positions \"A\" and \"B\", inside a solid electrical conductor (or inside two electrically-connected, solid electrical conductors), is denoted by (VA - VB). This voltage is the electrical driving force that drives a conventional electric current in the direction A to B. Voltage can be directly measured by an voltmeter. Unit | Symbol | Definition | Factor | abvolt (cgs unit) | abV | = 1 × 10-8 V | 1e-8 | statvolt (cgs unit) | statV | = c× (1 µJ/A×m) | 299.792458 | volt (SI unit) | V | The difference in electric potential across two points along a conducting wire carrying one ampere of constant current when the power dissipated between the points equals one watt. = 1 V = 1 W/A = 1 kg×m2/(A×s3) | 1 |
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Magnetic flux, represented by the Greek letter F (phi), is a measure of quantity of magnetism, taking into account the strength and the extent of a magnetic field. The SI unit of magnetic flux is the weber (in derived units: volt-seconds). Unit | Symbol | Definition | Factor | maxwell (CGS unit) | Mx | = 10-8 Wb | 1e-8 | weber (SI unit) | Wb | Magnetic flux which, linking a circuit of one turn, would produce in it an electromotive force of 1 volt if it were reduced to zero at a uniform rate in 1 second. = 1 Wb = 1 V×s = 1 kg×m2/(A×s2) | 1 |
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Magnetic flux density ConvertMagnetic flux density, is the weber per square meter, or tesla. Unit | Symbol | Definition | Factor | gauss (CGS unit) | G | = Mx/cm2 = 10-4 T | 1e-4 | tesla (SI unit) | T | = Wb/m2 = 1 T = 1 Wb/m2 = 1 kg/(A×s2) | 1 |
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In physics, temperature is a physical property of a system that underlies the common notions of hot and cold; something that feels hotter generally has the higher temperature. Temperature is one of the principal parameters of thermodynamics. If no net heat flow occurs between two objects, the objects have the same temperature; otherwise heat flows from the hotter object to the colder object. This is the content of the zeroth law of thermodynamics. On the microscopic scale, temperature can be defined as the average energy in each degree of freedom in the particles in a system. Because temperature is a statistical property, a system must contain a few particles for the question as to its temperature to make any sense. For a solid, this energy is found in the vibrations of its atoms about their equilibrium positions. In an ideal monatomic gas, energy is found in the translational motions of the particles; with molecular gases, vibrational and rotational motions also provide thermodynamic degrees of freedom. Unit | Symbol | Definition | Factor | degree Celsius | °C | °C = K - 273.15. A unit of °C is the same size as a unit of K; however, their numerical values differ as the zero point of Celsius is set at 273.15 K (the ice point). [K]=[°C]+273.15 | [°C]=[K]-273.15 | degree Delisle | °De | [K] = 373.15 - [°De] × 2/3 | [°De]=(373.15-[K])*3/2 | degree Fahrenheit | °F | 0 °F = freezing pt. of H2O+NaCl, 180°F between freezing and boiling pt of H2O @ 1atm. [K] = ([°F] + 459.67) × 5/9 | [°F] = [K] × 1.8 - 459.67 | degree Newton | °N | [K] = [°N] × 100/33 + 273.15 | [°N]=[K]*33/100-273.15 | degree Rankine | °R;°Ra | 0 °R = absolute zero. [K] = [°R] × 5/9 | [Ra]=[K] * 9 / 5 | degree Réaumur | °Ré | [K] = [°Ré] × 5/4 + 273.15 | [°Ré]=[K]*4/5-273.15*4/5 | degree Rømer | °Rø | [K] = ([°Rø] - 7.5) × 40/21 + 273.15 | [°Rø]=([K] - 273.15) * 21/40 + 7.5 | kelvin (SI base unit) | K | = 1/273.16 of the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water. | [K]=[K] |
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Information entropy ConvertIn information theory, entropy is a measure of the uncertainty associated with a random variable. The term by itself in this context usually refers to the Shannon entropy, which quantifies, in the sense of an expected value, the information contained in a message, usually in units such as bits. Unit | Symbol | Definition | Factor | SI unit | J/K | = J/K | 1 | nat; nip; nepit | nat | = kB | 1.3806505e-23 | bit; shannon | bit;b;Sh | = ln(2) × kB | 9.569940e-24 | ban; hartley | ban;Hart | = ln(10) × kB | 3.1790653e-23 | nibble | | = 4 bits | 3.8279760e-23 | byte | B | = 8 bits | 7.655952e-23 | kilobyte (decimal) | kB | = 1 000 B | 7.655952e-20 | kilobyte (kibibyte) | KB;KiB | = 1 024 B | 7.839695e-20 |
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Luminous intensity ConvertIn photometry, luminous intensity is a measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle, based on the luminosity function, a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. The SI unit of luminous intensity is the candela (cd), an SI base unit. Unit | Symbol | Definition | Factor | candela (SI base unit); candle | cd | The luminous intensity, in a given direction, of a source that emits monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 1012 hertz and that has a radiant intensity in that direction of 1/683 watt per steradian. | 1 | candlepower (new) | cp | = cd The use of candlepower as a unit is discouraged due to its ambiguity. | 1 | candlepower (old, pre-1948) | cp | Varies and is poorly eproducible. Approximately 0.981 cd. | 0.981 |
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Luminance is a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction. It describes the amount of light that passes through or is emitted from a particular area, and falls within a given solid angle. The SI unit for luminance is candela per square metre (cd/m2). A non-SI term for the same unit is the nit. The CGS unit of luminance is the stilb, which is equal to one candela per square centimetre or 10 kcd/m2. Unit | Symbol | Definition | Factor | candela per square foot | cd/ft2 | = cd/ft2 | 10.763910417 | candela per square inch | cd/in2 | = cd/in2 | 1550.0031 | candela per square metre (SI unit) | cd/m2 | = cd/m2 ; nit (deprecated) | 1 | footlambert | fL | = (1/p) cd/ft2 | 3.4262590996 | lambert | L | = (104/p) cd/m2 | 3183.0988618 | stilb (CGS unit) | sb | = 104 cd/m2 | 1e4 |
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In photometry, illuminance is the total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. It is a measure of the intensity of the incident light, wavelength-weighted by the luminosity function to correlate with human brightness perception. Similarly, luminous emittance is the luminous flux per unit area emitted from a surface. Luminous emittance is also known as luminous exitance. In SI derived units, these are both measured in lux (lx) or lumens per square metre (cd×sr×m-2). In the CGS system, the unit of illuminance is the phot. One phot is equal to 10,000 lux. The foot-candle is a non-metric unit of illuminance that is used in photography. Unit | Symbol | Definition | Factor | footcandle; lumen per square foot | fc | = lm/ft2 | 10.763910417 | lumen per square inch | lm/in2 | = lm/in2 | 1550.0031 | lux (SI unit) | lx | = lm/m2 = 1 lx | 1 | phot (CGS unit) | ph | = lm/cm2 | 1e4 |
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Radioactive decay is the process in which an unstable atomic nucleus spontaneously loses energy by emitting ionizing particles and radiation. The SI unit of activity is the becquerel (Bq). One Bq is defined as one transformation (or decay) per second. Since any reasonably-sized sample of radioactive material contains many atoms, a Bq is a tiny measure of activity; amounts on the order of TBq (terabecquerel) or GBq (gigabecquerel) are commonly used. Another unit of radioactivity is the curie, Ci, which was originally defined as the amount of radium emanation (radon-222) in equilibrium with of one gram of pure radium, isotope Ra-226. At present it is equal, by definition, to the activity of any radionuclide decaying with a disintegration rate of 3.7 * 1010 Bq. The use of Ci is presently discouraged by the SI. Unit | Symbol | Definition | Factor | becquerel (SI unit) | Bq | = Number of disintegrations per second = 1 Bq = 1/s | 1 | curie | Ci | = 3.7 × 1010 Bq | 3.7e10 | rutherford (H) | rd | = 1 MBq | 1e6 |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conversion_of_units
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